Next to pilots, air traffic controllers are the heroes responsible for every safe flight. These invisible heroes coordinate aircraft flight, create routes and communicate with pilots throughout the journey. They are responsible for guiding aircraft through their pre-terming flight paths and signaling them when they deviate.
Air traffic controllers must also communicate with pilots in case of emergency and vice versa. They have to be reactive because timely action can save the lives of millions. There are different types of air traffic controllers, and they do slightly different things.
Tower controllers coordinate vehicles and aircraft's movement on the runway, approach and depart controllers guide aircraft in the airspace around an airport, and ensure their safe arrival and departure. They also monitor aircraft after they leave the air space.
To become an air traffic controller, you need a bachelor's degree from the Air Traffic Collegiate Training Initiative. You also need to complete a Federal Aviation Administration program and gain the relevant certification.
Air traffic controllers coordinate the movement of air traffic, to ensure that aircraft stay safe distances apart.
To become an air traffic controller, an applicant must
The AT-SAT is an 8-hour, computer-based exam. Some of the characteristics tested include arithmetic, prioritization, planning, tolerance for high intensity, decisiveness, visualization, problem solving, and movement detection.
Controllers also must pass a physical exam each year and a job performance exam twice per year. In addition, they must pass periodic drug screenings.
EducationThe FAA sets guidelines for schools that offer a program called the Air Traffic Collegiate Training Initiative, or the AT-CTI program. AT-CTI schools offer 2- or 4-year degrees that are designed to prepare students for a career in air traffic control. The curriculum is not standardized, but courses focus on subjects that are fundamental to aviation. Topics include aviation weather, airspace, clearances, reading maps, federal regulations, and related topics.
Also known as a biodata test, the biographical assessment is a personality exam that looks at a candidate’s response patterns in order to determine whether the person is a good fit for additional air traffic education. For more information, see the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) page on biodata tests. Applicants who pass both the AT-SAT and the biographical assessment are eligible to enroll in an intensive training course at the FAA Academy.
Air traffic controllers also may apply for positions through vacancy announcements made to the general public when such announcements are available. The announcements allow those with no special experience or education to apply to become air traffic controllers. These applicants generally must have completed a 4-year degree, have equivalent sequential work experience, or have some combination of the two. To improve their chances of passing the exam, applicants from the general public should try to educate themselves along the lines of the AT-CTI and AT-SAT standards.
Work Experience in a Related OccupationApplicants with only a high school education will need to have years of sequential work experience or a combination of experience and education. Work experience includes work as a commercial pilot, navigator, or flight dispatcher. Other work experience that requires knowledge of aviation topics, such as weather and flight regulations, may be acceptable.
Candidates with previous air traffic control experience are automatically eligible to apply for air traffic controller positions. They do not need to take the FAA preemployment test. There can be specific job postings for those who already have experience working as an air traffic controller, such as through the military.
TrainingMost newly hired air traffic controllers are trained at the FAA Academy, located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The length of training varies with the position and the applicant’s background. Applicants must be hired by their 31st birthday.
After graduating from the Academy, trainees are assigned to an air traffic control facility as developmental controllers, until they complete all requirements for becoming a certified air traffic controller. Developmental controllers begin their careers by supplying pilots with basic flight data and airport information. They then advance to positions within the control room that have more responsibility.
As the developmental controllers master various duties, they earn increases in pay and advance in their training. Those with previous controller experience may take less time to become fully certified.
Trainees who fail to complete the Academy or their on-the-job training within a specified time are usually dismissed.
There are opportunities for a controller to switch from an en route position to an airport position, although the transfer requires additional Academy training. Within both of these categories, controllers can transfer to jobs at different locations or advance to supervisory positions.
Licenses, Certifications, and RegistrationsAll air traffic controllers must hold an Air Traffic Control Tower Operator Certificate or be appropriately qualified and supervised as stated in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 65. They must be at least 18 years old and fluent in English, and they must comply with all knowledge and skill requirements.
Important QualitiesCommunication skills. Air traffic controllers must be able to give clear, concise instructions, listen carefully to pilot’s requests, and respond by speaking clearly.
Concentration skills. Controllers must be able to concentrate in a room where multiple conversations occur at once. For example, in a large airport tower, several controllers may be speaking with several pilots at the same time.
Decisionmaking skills. Controllers must make quick decisions. For example, when a pilot requests a change of altitude or heading to avoid poor weather, the controller must respond quickly so that the plane can operate safely.
Math skills. Controllers must be able to do arithmetic accurately and quickly. They often need to compute speeds, times, and distances, and they recommend heading and altitude changes.
Organizational skills. Controllers must be able to coordinate the actions of multiple flights. Controllers need to be able to prioritize tasks, because they may be required to guide several pilots at the same time.
Problem-solving skills. Controllers must be able to understand complex situations, such as the impact of changing weather patterns on a plane’s flight path. Controllers must be able to review important information and provide pilots with appropriate solutions.
As you move along in your career, you may start taking on more responsibilities or notice that you've taken on a leadership role. Using our career map, an air traffic controller can determine their career goals through the career progression. For example, they could start out with a role such as supervisor, progress to a title such as superintendent and then eventually end up with the title operations superintendent.
Farmingdale, NY • Private
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The skills section on your resume can be almost as important as the experience section, so you want it to be an accurate portrayal of what you can do. Luckily, we've found all of the skills you'll need so even if you don't have these skills yet, you know what you need to work on. Out of all the resumes we looked through, 30.7% of air traffic controllers listed procedures on their resume, but soft skills such as communication skills and math skills are important as well.
Zippia allows you to choose from different easy-to-use Air Traffic Controller templates, and provides you with expert advice. Using the templates, you can rest assured that the structure and format of your Air Traffic Controller resume is top notch. Choose a template with the colors, fonts & text sizes that are appropriate for your industry.
After extensive research and analysis, Zippia's data science team found that:
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Some places are better than others when it comes to starting a career as an air traffic controller. The best states for people in this position are Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Michigan. Air traffic controllers make the most in Rhode Island with an average salary of $94,182. Whereas in Connecticut and Massachusetts, they would average $93,935 and $92,395, respectively. While air traffic controllers would only make an average of $90,424 in Michigan, you would still make more there than in the rest of the country. We determined these as the best states based on job availability and pay. By finding the median salary, cost of living, and using the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Location Quotient, we narrowed down our list of states to these four.
1. Connecticut
$93,935
Avg. Salary
2. New Hampshire
$89,427
Avg. Salary
3. Delaware
$88,149
Avg. Salary
Rank | Company | Average Salary | Hourly Rate | Job Openings |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Amazon | $107,931 | $51.89 | 8 |
2 | SAIC | $92,662 | $44.55 | 4 |
3 | Scientific Research | $89,807 | $43.18 | 3 |
4 | IAP Worldwide Services | $69,285 | $33.31 | 4 |
5 | KBR | $68,875 | $33.11 | 10 |
6 | Serco | $68,814 | $33.08 | 21 |
7 | Midwest Air Traffic Control Services | $68,308 | $32.84 | 58 |
8 | Federal Aviation Administration | $68,175 | $32.78 | 493 |
9 | Robinson Aviation | $68,175 | $32.78 | 21 |
10 | Nas | $68,174 | $32.78 | 4 |